Microcephaly
Short description
In microcephaly, the head circumference is significantly smaller than expected for the person’s age and sex. It is often associated with impaired brain development.
Detailed description
Microcephaly can have various causes. These include genetic mutations as well as harmful influences during pregnancy, such as exposure to alcohol. Certain infections in pregnant women, such as rubella, Zika, or cytomegalovirus, can also impair the development of the unborn child’s brain.
The potential consequences of microcephaly vary widely. Depending on the cause and severity, they may include delays in physical and mental development, mobility impairments, or seizures. However, some individuals affected only have minor or no significant impairments.