Endotoxin
Short description
Endotoxins are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that can trigger strong reactions from the innate immune system.
Detailed description
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, are referred to as endotoxins. The lipid A portion of the molecule is particularly responsible for their strong immunostimulatory effect.
LPS can be released when bacteria die, or during their growth. The immune system recognizes them as characteristic bacterial structures and subsequently triggers an inflammatory response. Large quantities can contribute to an excessive systemic inflammatory response, such as in cases of sepsis.
